Nobel Prize in Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011

1)Jules A. Hoffmann       ( LUXEMBERG)

2) Bruce A. Beutler        (USA)
3)Ralph M. Steinman     (CANADA)

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, 

one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for

 their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" 

and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of 

the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity".

Jules A. Hoffmann was born in Echternach, Luxembourg in 1941. He studied at the University of Strasbourg in France, where he obtained his PhD in 1969. After postdoctoral training at theUniversity of Marburg, Germany, he returned to Strasbourg, where he headed a research laboratory from 1974 to 2009. He has also served as director of the Institute for Molecular Cell Biology in Strasbourg and during 2007-2008 as President of the French National Academy of Sciences.

Bruce A. Beutler  was born in 1957 in Chicago, USA. He received his MD from the University of Chicago in 1981 and has worked as a scientist at Rockefeller University in New York, at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, where he discovered the LPS receptor, and the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA.

 Very recently, he rejoined the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas as professor in its Center for the Genetics of Host Defense.

Ralph M. Steinman  was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada, where he studied biology and chemistry at McGill University. After studying medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA, he received his MD in 1968. He was affiliated with Rockefeller University in New York since 1970, where he was professor of immunology from 1988. Sadly, Ralph Steinman passed away before the news of his Nobel Prize reached him.